面向天然页岩与砂岩矿物元素组分快速定量分析的检测需求，笔者搭建了具有自动化分析功能的显微分析激光诱导击穿光谱系统，并采用该系统对油气页岩与砂岩天然岩石样本进行了快速检测。分析了砂岩与页岩光谱的不确定度差异，形成了流程化的包括光谱数据提取、筛选、校正、归一化的预处理方法，有效降低了单一样本与样本间光谱不确定度。基于偏最小二乘回归，形成了模型输入参数优化流程，避免了模型过拟合与欠拟合，提高了定量预测准确度。对岩石中的Si、Ca、Fe、Al、Mg等元素进行了定量分析，多数样本的平均预测均方根误差小于1%。本研究为天然岩石的矿物组分分析与岩性识别提供了技术支持。

针对核工业辐照环境下铀等元素组分远程测量的需求，基于光纤式激光诱导击穿光谱系统，研究了铀矿石样品中铀元素谱线强度的影响因素及其定量测量方法。在实验中，采用光纤传输30 mJ脉冲激光并将其聚焦在铀矿石粉末压片上产生激光诱导等离子体，然后通过同轴光纤回传等离子体自发光。首先，研究了气氛环境对铀元素谱线的影响。结果显示：氦气气氛下铀质量分数为0.425%的样本的U II 409.013 nm谱线的信噪比相比空气气氛下提高了1.37倍，同时，氦气气氛下铀质量分数为0.0726%的样本的U II 409.013 nm谱线的信噪比达到了8.9。其次，根据谱线信噪比、信背比和净强度将系统的探测延时优化至1000 ns。最后，提出了一种基于内标法原理的多元线性定标方法，通过引入基质元素与铀的谱线比值进行回归，使得铀的检测限达到142 mg/kg，定量限达到426 mg/kg。与基于谱线峰值的单变量回归方法相比，所提多元线性定标方法将铀元素的定标决定系数R²从0.9711提升到0.9984，均方根误差从0.200%减小到0.0404 %。本文方法和研究结果可为铀元素含量的测量提供技术支撑。

随着红外技术的发展, 探测器的尺寸、重量和功耗( SWaP)的减小已成为研究热点。像元尺寸的减小, 一方面可以提高器件的分辨率, 另一方面可以减小整个探测器系统的体积、重量和功耗, 进而大大节约成本。因此, 像元尺寸的减小成了研究的重点。本文介绍了小像元红外焦平面器件的技术难点, 分别从系统的调制传递函数(Modulation Transfer Function, MTF)、噪声等效温差(Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference, NETD)、像元结构和像元集成互连方面进行了讨论。此外, 介绍了国外像元中心距为 12 .m、10 .m、8 .m和 5 .m的 HgCdTe红外焦平面探测器的研究进展。

高功率片状放大器在线运行时氙灯辐照导致片腔内产生大量气溶胶，易引起钕玻璃污染，影响其使用寿命。采用洁净氮气吹扫恢复片腔内的洁净环境是片状放大器在线运行时的主要洁净手段。研究了氮气吹扫过程中片腔内涡流对洁净度的影响，结果显示涡流对气溶胶颗粒的禁锢作用会导致腔内气溶胶颗粒的大量残留，且无法通过延长吹扫时间或调整吹扫流速加以解决。针对这一问题，提出了间断多次氮气吹扫对腔内气溶胶进行循环稀释的在线洁净控制方法，该方法使腔内涡流经历不断破坏和重建过程，涡流场内滞留的气溶胶颗粒含量也得到不断稀释，从而大幅提高片腔洁净度。针对Φ130 mm单口径片状放大器进行了对比实验研究。采用间断吹扫法之后，腔内残留气溶胶颗粒为连续吹扫时的1/100，片腔洁净度在15 h的观测时间内始终保持在40级以内。该方法普适有效，为避免片状放大器钕玻璃气溶胶污染,增加其在线使用寿命提供了重要参考。

介绍了欧美发达国家在高工作温度碲镉汞中波红外探测器上的工艺技术路线及典型产品技术指标。对昆明物理研究所研制的基于标准 n-on-p(Hg空位掺杂)工艺的中波 640×512(15 .m)探测器进行了高工作温度性能测试, 测试结果显示器件性能基本达到国外产品的同期研制水平。

An all-fiber Faraday rotator isolation rate measurement system is designed and realized. The system has tremendous advantage for large aperture Faraday isolator on-line measurement due to its flexible alignment and more compaction. Employing the method of relative transmission measurement and transmissions contrasting between static and operating states, single-shot isolation-rate measurement is achieved. The available measurement range larger than 33 dB is demonstrated experimentally. And the potential to get measurement range larger than 50 dB by adjusting the coupling rate of the fiber couplers is affirmed. Measurement accuracy of 2.2%of PV value is achieved even while keeping the input pulse energy and polarization in random vibration, which illustrates that the influence of the input pulse energy and polarization vibration on the measurement accuracy is eliminated.

An all-fiber Faraday rotator isolation rate measurement system is designed and realized. The system has tremendous advantage for large aperture Faraday isolator on-line measurement due to its flexible alignment and more compaction. Employing the method of relative transmission measurement and transmissions contrasting between static and operating states, single-shot isolation-rate measurement is achieved. The available measurement range larger than 33 dB is demonstrated experimentally. And the potential to get measurement range larger than 50 dB by adjusting the coupling rate of the fiber couplers is affirmed. Measurement accuracy of 2.2%of PV value is achieved even while keeping the input pulse energy and polarization in random vibration, which illustrates that the influence of the input pulse energy and polarization vibration on the measurement accuracy is eliminated.

The development of the optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) was reported. Its structure and working principle was introduced in detail. Meanwhile, the photosensitive response curve, static wave-front distortion and temporal waveform distortion was investigated in detail in the process of experiment. Besides, OASLM was successfully demonstrated in the online experiment. The results show that OASLM not only has the ability to achieve the desired transmittance distribution, but also has no additional effect on the high-power laser system. Finally, the shaping effect of spatial filter in the laser system was analyzed. The result shows that the size of spatial filter was also an important factor which determined the shaping precision when this device was used in high power laser systems.

报道了自研的光寻址空间光调制器的最新进展, 介绍了器件工作原理与结构, 并对其光敏响应特性曲线、静态位相波前畸变、透射时间波形畸变的离线测试结果进行了报道, 同时也利用该器件在高功率激光装置上进行了在线测试。结果表明, 该调制器可以根据需求实现所需的强度透过率分布, 而且对高功率激光系统没有引入附加的影响。最后, 结合该调制器的实际使用环境, 分析了激光系统空间滤波器对整形效果的影响, 说明在高功率激光系统中使用该调制器时, 空间滤波器尺寸也是决定光束整形精度的重要因素。